Deities


Sophia, Morrigan, Brighid, Cernunnos, Herne, Momiji

Sophia
Sophia is not a common goddess. She is lunar and ever changing. Her name means Wisdom, so she represents the abstract concept of Wisdom in all its forms. She is the emerged from the Void, from the depths of chaos, bringing light and wisdom and manifestation. She is more often seen in Gnostic literature, but as Wisdom by other names, she can be seen in many other religions and cultures.

“The ways of Wisdom are so prolific that she changes every moment to adapt to all conditions and circumstances. If she embraces all times and space in fullness of her capacity, she will never let the wellspring of her gifts run dry, in whatever situation we may find ourselves.”
(Hildegard of Bingen, Book of Divine Works)

While she can be honored at any phase of the moon, Momiji Moon coven honors her at the Full Moon as we blend Celtic lunar tree associations, North American moon associations and engage in some form of creativity or learning, or initiations.
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Morrigan
~ written by John WinterWolf
The Morrigan or the Morrigu is one of the most complex and challenging of the Irish deities. Depending on the source, the Morrigan can appear in many different guises. From a single war or death goddess to one of seven sisters responsibly for sovereignty over Ireland to a title for any number of deities that fulfill a function similar to that of the Norse Valkyries.

The name Morrigu translates one of three ways:
  • “Mare Queen”
  • “Phantom Queen”
  • “Great Queen”
The Book of Invasions as told in the Book of Leinster and the Book of Fermoy (the first redaction) list three sisters that are linked to the Morrigan:
  • Badb: Goddess of battle identified with the raven 
  • Macha: a Goddess of horses and sovereignty
  • Anann:  a land Goddess
There are two other redactions that confuse the issue even more. In the second, Morrigu is listed as one of seven sisters: Badb, Macha, Morrigu, Anann, Eriu, Fotla, and Banba. The last three are the gods of sovereignty of Ireland who survived since before the flooding that killed the first Irish settlers, the Cessairians.

There is a third redaction too. Are you a little confused? So are most historians.

Celtic researcher Mary Jones sums it up like this:

What is most evident is that from the texts, "Morrigan" or "Morrigu" is a title applied to different women who for the most part seem to be sisters or related in some manner, or sometimes it is the same woman with slightly differing names in different manuscripts and redactions. We see that Morrigan is identified with Badb, Macha, Anann, and Danann. The first is usually identified with the raven and battle, the second usually identified with the archetypical Celtic horse goddess, the third with the land goddess, and the forth with a mother goddess (though linguistically perhaps with the Danube River of Europe, and thus to the archetypical Celtic river goddess, like Boann). [1]

The Morrigan is a triple goddess. Her attributes, like those of Lugh and Brigit, span the entire Celtic world view. She is mostly remembered today for the first attribute, that of a war goddess.




[1] http://www.maryjones.us/jce/morrigan.html
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Brighid
~ written by John WinterWolf 
The Celtic Goddess Brghid is well known for being the goddess of Imbolc, her feast day. Sometimes she is seen as the lighter side of the Morrgian. Like the Morrigan, she is a triple goddess. And like the Morrigan, her aspects are not necessarily maiden/mother/crone. She represents the roles for women: mother and matron of children and child-bearing; smith/poet and matron of creative arts; and healer. She is often considered a fire goddess, though she presides over a healing well.

The Need Fire is one of the aspects of Brighid worship that we incorporate regularly in our rituals. The most famous sacred flame of the Celtic world is Brighid’s Fire in Kildare, Ireland, which is still kept lit even today. She, like Sophia, is the light in the darkest parts of our lives.


"Bríg came and keened for her son. At first she shrieked, in the end she wept.
 Then for the first time weeping and shrieking were heard in Ireland.
(Now she is the Bríg who invented a whistle for signalling at night.)"
--The Second Battle of Magh Turedh

Much of the legends of the goddess Brighid have been transferred to Saint Brigit of Kildare. There is no evidence that she is a real person and in fact the two are hard to separate as the texts on Brighid the goddess were written down after the story of saint Brigit.
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Cernunnos
~ written by John WinterWolf 
The Song of Amergin
I am a stag of seven tines,
I am a wide flood on a plain,
I am a wind on the deep waters,
I am a shining tear of the sun,
I am a hawk on a cliff,
I am fair among flowers,
I am a god who sets the head afire with smoke.
I am a battle waging spear,
I am a salmon in the pool,
I am a hill of poetry,
I am a ruthless boar,
I am a threatening noise of the sea,
I am a wave of the sea,
Who but I knows the secrets of the unhewn dolmen ?
-Origin unknown

The name of Cernunnos comes from a depiction of the a horned god made in the 1st century CE by Celts from the area of Modern Paris, The Nautes Pillar. Cernunnos is probably the Romanized name for the Celtic horned deity.

The images of Cernunnos are unusually consistent. A mature man with long hair and a beard, who has horns of a stag. He wears a torc and often carries other torcs in his hand or hanging from his horns. And, he is seated and cross-legged. The hand not holding a torc is usually holding a ram horned serpent.
It is from this picture that he has been given the titles of The Stag Lord, The Horned God of the Hunt, The Lord of the Forest.

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Herne
~ written by John WinterWolf 
God of the Wild Hunt. Ghost of the Forest. Hunter and Hunted.

Sometime a keeper here in Windsor Forest,
Doth all the winter-time, at still midnight,
Walk round about an oak, with great ragg'd horns;
And there he blasts the tree, and takes the cattle,
And makes milch-kine yield blood, and shakes a chain
In a most hideous and dreadful manner.
You have heard of such a spirit, and well you know
The superstitious idle-headed eld
Receiv'd, and did deliver to our age,
This tale of Herne the Hunter for a truth.
— William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor

Herne is said to have been a huntsman in the employ of King Richard the second (in and around Windsor Forest). He saved the King's life when he was attacked by a cornered white deer, but was mortally wounded himself in the process. A local wizard, calling himself Philip Urswick, brought him back to health using his magical powers, which entailed tying the dead animal's antlers on Herne's head. However Herne and the other hunters had lost all there hunting skills. Herne was hung for it. Only when the other hunters swore on oath to Herne and formed a hunting party was the curse lifted. For this they were also hung.

They became the eternal huntsmen, wild and furious, and always hunting. Some say these are ghosts lead by Herne, or faeries, or spirits. The Wild Hunt that rides the sky or the land. It is unclear what they hunt as there is no consistence in the lore

In the early 20th century, people began to view Herne as a version of Cernunnos. Some of the people who put this theory forth are R. Lowe Thompson and Margret Murry.

Momiji Moon regards Herne as a ghost, a hunter or seeker forever bound to his task.


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Momiji




Momiji is referred to as a kami in Japanese Shinto tradition. A kami cam mean many things: ghost, spirit, elemental, god, otherworlderly being, etc. In this case, she is seen most closely related to a dryad or tree spirit. She represents the essence of all Japanese maple trees. This ranks her as a spirit or minor deity.

In one myth, she aids the Goddess of Autumn (Akibimi). "One day a dryad named Momiji stumbled upon the mountain (Akibimi, powerless and transformed) and, realizing that the beauty of the earth could not be appreciated without the slumber brought on by Akibimi's powers, offered to free the autumn. To this end, Momiji climbed up onto Akibimi's head and set down roots, and through her, autumn once more fell on the world." (https://broomcloset.wordpress.com/2013/05/08/akibimi-japanese-goddess-of-autumn/)

To this day, there are special festivities in the Autumn to view the changing leaves of the Japanese maple trees. This is called Momiji-gare. It is both a social and a spiritual experience. There are even protocols for proper viewing, like there are for tea and calligraphy. While viewing, one should try to come into spiritual communion with the leaves, listening and communicating with the gods and spirits of these trees. The aim is to "enter nature" and let it touch your heart. Internalize its beauty. "Man enters Nature, and Nature, in turn, enters man." This viewing festival is important in all sorts of tales, like the Tale of Genji, and throughout history where meetings of officials were held in peace under the watchful eye and the beauty of Momiji. This leads to notions of peace and prosperity being associated with Momiji.

The leaf shape of the Japanese maple tree is akin to a child's hand (momiji) or the webbed hand of a frog (kaede). Often the Autumn coloring makes for crimson colored leaves (momizu, to become crimson-leaved).

Momiji is found in many Japanese poems for all the reasons mentioned above. It was also a poetic euphemism for eating venison. Each Japanese tree became associated with a kind of animal and thus meat. The cherry tree (Sakura) is associated with horses and eating horse meat. Momiji is associated with the deer and thus the eating of venison.

Momiji Moon venerates Momiji as its main spirit or totem, and treats Momiji as a deity. It is through Momiji that the coven and tradition had been revived, and through Momiji that the smooth blending of East Asian traditions could find balance.

(References also from: https://printsofjapan.wordpress.com/2009/10/13/momiji-%E7%B4%85%E8%91%89-the-japanese-and-their-love-affair-with-the-maple-tree/)

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